The epipelic, epilithic and epiphytic ALGAE of Miankaleh wetland were studied from June 2007 to June 2008. This was the first floristic study of ALGAE in this wetland in northern Iran. Sixty three taxa (25 belonging to Chlorophyta, 24 to Bacillariophyta, 12 to Cyanobacterai, 1 to Xantophyta and 1 to Euglenophyta) were determined. All taxa are new records for the Miankaleh wetland and Mazandaran Province and 12 species represent new records for the algal flora of Iran. There was some similarity between the algal flora of the study area to that of other freshwater ecosystems in the North of Iran. Based on an analysis of the composition of the algal flora, Miankaleh wetland was typified as having an oligotrophic character. Bacillariophyta was the predominant group in the epipelic, epiphytic and epilithic communities of the Miankaleh wetland.

The Fahliyan Formation of the Khami Group is the most important oil and gas reservoir in southwestern Iran. The formation attains a thickness of 435. 5 m in the oil well X2 in Dorood oil field, Persian Gulf. It is represented mainly by thin-bedded limestones. This formation unconformably overlies the evaporate late Jurassic Hith Formation and conformably underlies the Gadvan Formation. Integrated palaeontological and sedimentological studies supported by an analysis of 150 thin-sections led to the identification of 21 BENTHIC foraminiferal genera dominated by agglutinated forms with an additional 8 algal genera. Two foraminiferal biozones of Berriasian through Hauterivian age include the Pseudochrysalidina (Dokhania) arabica acme zone and Pseudocyclammina lituus-Coscinoconus assemblage zone, and an algal zone includes the Salpingoporella annulata range zone have been recognized. The correlation of the lower Cretaceous petroleum source rock in the Persian Gulf with regions from Tethyan Realm is limited by the lack of the analog formation that can be used for comparison. In this way, the foraminiferal zones are correlated with coeval zones in south and southwest of Iran.

BENTHIC ALGAE are the most productive organisms in aquatic ecosystemms and they’re the main source of food for BENTHIC organisms and some fish’s larvae. The aim of this study was the Identification and study of abundance of Epipleon ALGAEcolonies in Shadegan international wetland. Samples collected in the one year period, from April 2010 to March 2011 according to the U.S. EPA method. 18 genius of Epipleon were identified in this study. The most frequent taxa respectively were Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae, because of their high tolerance to the environmental conditions. The most important genius of Bacillariophyceae were Navicula, Nitzchia and Synedra and dominant genius of Cyanophyceae was Oscillatoria that indicating their presence in the waters with medium quality. The total mean number of Epipleon was 9555/m2 in the study area. The highest frequency of Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophycea was observed in autumnand Doragh region. According to One way ANOVA analytical method, there is no significant difference between the frequency of Epipleon genius in the different regions (P>0.05) however a significant difference was shown in the months (P<0.05). Cluster analysis showed more than75 percent similarity for 15 genius of algea and approximately 60% similarity between Doragh and Malh. Due to high salinity, Doragh and Malh, were in one group and Rgbh and Eetaysh made another group because of their similarity for little salinity.

Biological response and ecological indices of BENTHIC communities, such as greater mortality of foraminifera and shell abnormalities, have been used to document pollution effects on ecosystems. Shadegan Wetland was damaged from a deposition of huge amounts of soot and products of burning oilwells of Kuwait as well as chronic exhaust fumes of refinery and industrial furnaces. In this investigation, community structure and changes in indices of the macro- and meio-fauna of the Shadegan wetland were studied in 2004. Recorded salinity ranged from 4.1 to 63.1 ppt. Salinity varied significantly among sampling stations. pH of the water fluctuated between 6.8 to 8.7. Dissolved oxygen (DO) content of water at the sampling stations ranged from 5.3 to 7.8 mg/l. The maximum and minimum (19.6 and 7 NTU) water turbidities were recorded at the sampling stations 7 and 10, respectively. The maximum and minimum TOM (23.17% and 8.45%) were recorded at stations 3 and 9, respectively. The results of sediment texture analysis showed that soil type in the study area was mostly silty–clay. The highest and the lowest rate of sediment with silty–clay texture were 89.76% and 49.28%, respectively. 18 species of macro benthos were identified. Gastropods comprised more than 50% of the individuals of macro benthos populations. Aquatic insects (22%), Crustaceans (11%), Polychaetes and Acaris (each with 5.5%) were the other dominant groups in abundance, respectively. The results showed the highest (984/m2) and the lowest (26/m2) abundance of macro benthos were recorded at the stations 10 (Rogbeh) and 8 (Doragh creek), respectively. The results showed that meiobenthos displayed a higher biodiversity than macro benthos. Ostracodes, Nematods and Foraminifera were the most dominant groups. Many Foraminifera showed morphological shell abnormality. Biodiversity indices (H' and l) for macro benthos and meiobenthos were expectedly different. Meiobenthos, primarily, Ostracodes, Nematods and Foraminifera displayed higher biodiversity than macro benthos. ANOVA results showed significant variation (P<0.05) between sampling stations.

A micropaleontological study has been carried out on the samples collected from the Sarv Abad section, the oldest and only known Jurassic sedimentary rocks cropping out in the Moghan area. Studied sequence consists of carbonates bounded at both base and top by clastic deposits. Studied carbonate deposits provide an assemblage of BENTHIC foraminifera as well as calcareous ALGAE. The stratigraphic distribution of the larger BENTHIC foraminifera, particularly, almost consistent present ofAlveosepta jaccardi allowed us to propose an age of Late Oxfordian to Early Kimmeridgian for the studied succession. At this time, Paratethys Basin was at very beginning of its opening. Larger BENTHIC foraminifera and inhabited fauna at this basin are in close similarity with Tethyan Realm association. Data provided by larger foraminifera, calcareous ALGAE, and microfacies analysis may suggest an environment of warm shallow water with low to medium energy regime.

Analysis of BENTHIC foraminifera within the Asmari and Razak formations lead to recognition of 18 genera and 24 species. Based on this study, 2 biozones (Nummulites vascus-Nummulites fichteli and Archaias asmaricus-Archaias kirkukensis- Miogypsinoides complanatus) idenetified for the Asmari and 1 biozone (Bore/is melo curdica-Borelis melo melo) for the Razak Formations respectively. Regarding to these assemblages, the Asmari Formation is Rupelian to Chattian and the Razak Formation is Burdigalian in age. Association of carbonate grains of the Asmari and Razak formations in the study section are classified as foramol and foralgal-foramol facies, considering the presence of large BENTHIC foraminifera accompanied with bivalve, bryozoan, echinoderm, patch of coral, gastropod and in less amounts of red ALGAE and green ALGAE. Presence of green ALGAE, corals, bryozoans and bivalves fragments indicative of a transition from heterozoan to photozoan association called the heterozoan + assemblage.